Foxglove

Plant name: Foxglove

Scientific name: Digitalis purpurea

Plant description:
Digitalis purpurea, commonly known as Foxglove, is a classic cottage garden plant known for its tall flower spikes and upright growth habit. This herbaceous plant forms a basal rosette of foliage in its first season, followed by dramatic vertical blooms in the second season. In many climates it behaves as a biennial, though it may reseed and return for multiple years. Its strong vertical lines add height and structure to mixed borders.

Flower description:
Foxglove produces tall spikes lined with tubular, bell-shaped flowers that face outward and slightly downward. Blooms are typically shades of purple, pink, rose, cream, or white, often marked with contrasting speckles inside the throat. Flowering occurs in late spring to early summer and attracts bees and other pollinators.

Leaf description:
Leaves are oval to lance-shaped, slightly fuzzy, and medium green. Basal leaves form a dense rosette close to the ground, while smaller leaves line the flowering stems. The textured foliage provides a sturdy base for the tall bloom spikes.

Deciduous or evergreen:
Biennial or short-lived perennial that dies back after flowering and seed production. Foliage may persist in mild climates during winter.

USDA grow zones:
USDA Zones 4–9.

Mature height and width:
Typically 2–5 feet tall when in bloom and 1–2 feet wide at the base.

Landscape uses:
Well suited for cottage gardens, woodland borders, pollinator plantings, and mixed perennial beds. Its tall flower spikes provide vertical emphasis and pair well with lower-growing perennials and ornamental grasses. Also used as a cut flower for arrangements.

Native range:
Native to western and southwestern Europe, with naturalized populations in other temperate regions.

Sun exposure:
Performs best in full sun to partial shade. In warmer climates, partial shade during the hottest part of the day helps maintain plant vigor.

Water requirements:
Prefers evenly moist, well-drained soil. Consistent watering supports strong flower spike development. Avoid heavy, poorly drained soil that can cause root rot.

Pests and problems:
May be susceptible to aphids, slugs, and leaf spot diseases. Good air circulation and proper spacing reduce fungal issues. All parts of the plant are toxic if ingested and should be handled with care around pets and children.

Heat and sun tolerance: Cold tolerance:
Tolerates cool temperatures well and withstands winter conditions within its recommended zones. Extended heat and humidity may shorten bloom time and reduce longevity.

Growing tips:
Plant in fertile, well-drained soil with adequate airflow. Stake taller varieties if needed to support flower spikes in windy areas. Remove spent blooms to tidy the plant or allow seed heads to mature for natural reseeding. Position toward the middle or back of borders where the tall flower spikes can provide structure and seasonal color.

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